Seeing the "This device cannot start (Code 10)" error in Windows? This error can appear in all versions of Windows and is quite vague, so it's understandably frustrating.
Let's look at what code 10 is in Windows, common reasons for why it happens, and how to fix it.
What Is Error Code 10?
The "this device cannot start" code 10 error is commonly related to removable devices. It appears when Windows can't run a piece of hardware, such as a printer or USB drive, properly.
Because of this, you may see appear it after Windows tries to install the driver for a new device. Sometimes, it might prevent CD drives or other storage devices from showing up in This PC.
You'll also see this status for affected devices on the General tab in the Device Manager, which we discuss later. Often, code 10 appears because of problems with audio or USB devices specifically. Let's look at fixes for this issue.
1. Reboot Your Computer
Like most computer issues, you can sometimes clear up this problem with a simple restart. You should always take this basic troubleshooting step first, so you don't waste time on more advanced methods unnecessarily.
Restart your computer, then try accessing the device again. If the error message keeps popping up, continue onto more advanced troubleshooting.
2. Run the Hardware Device Troubleshooter
Windows includes several automated troubleshooters that help you solve various problems. One of them is the Hardware and Devices tool, which fixes issues in this area. While it's not guaranteed to find anything, it's worth running when you have this issue.
For some reason, Microsoft removed this from the Troubleshoot menu in Windows 10, but you can still access it through the Command Prompt or PowerShell. Press Win + X again and choose Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell from the menu, then enter the following line:
msdt.exe -id DeviceDiagnosticThis will open the troubleshooter in a new window. Click Next to walk through it; once the wizard completes, it will let you know of any issues it found and the results for fixing them.
3. Check the Device Manager for More Info
The Device Manager collects info about all devices connected to your PC, so it's an important place to check when you see a code 10 error. To open it, press Win + X or right-click on the Start button, then choose Device Manager from the menu.
You can expand each section to see the individual devices under it. If a device has a problem, you'll see a small yellow warning sign display next to it; this should indicate the device that's causing the error. Double-click a device and check the Device status field; if it says This device cannot start (Code 10), then it's not working properly.
You should check all the categories, particularly Audio inputs and outputs as well as Universal Serial Bus controllers. If you don't see the problem here, look at other USB devices like Printers and Mice and other pointing devices. If you've recently added any hardware to your computer, check that too.
When you find the device that appears with an error, try unplugging that device for a few minutes, then plugging it back in. If this has no effect, you should go ahead and update or remove the driver for that device.
4. Update Hardware Drivers
Often, a piece of hardware misbehaves because you have an outdated or incorrect driver installed for it. Head to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update to check for new updates, which will also find driver updates.
If you want to update a specific driver, right-click it in the Device Manager and choose Update driver > Search automatically for drivers. This will check your computer for a newer driver. If that doesn't do anything, search for your device's name online to see if there's a newer driver available from the manufacturer.
5. Uninstall Non-Functional Drivers
In case updating the device driver doesn't work, you should next try replacing or remove the driver. Right-click on the problematic device and choose Properties, followed by the Driver tab, for some options.
Selecting Roll Back Driver will undo any recent updates and go back to the previous version. This is only accessible if there's an older version to revert to, however.
If you can't do this, you'll need to select Uninstall Device to completely remove it from your system. After doing so, reboot. Windows should install generic drivers for some devices (like mice and keyboards) when you do, but you may have to reinstall any manufacturer-specific drivers yourself.
Hopefully, a refreshed driver will cause the code 10 error to stop.
6. Try Another USB Port or Hub
If you've identified which device is causing the code 10 error to appear, try plugging it into another USB port on your computer. There's a chance that your USB port could be faulty, causing your computer to communicate with the device improperly.
Additionally, if you use any basic USB hubs with your computer, consider replacing them with powered models. A powered USB hub, such as Sabrent's 4-port USB 3.0 hub, is more reliable than one that relies on your PC for power.
7. Delete UpperFilters and LowerFilters in the Registry
As an advanced step, you can delete a pair of Registry values related to filter drivers, which work between Windows and the hardware. Something going wrong with these can result in the code 10 error.
Making improper changes in the Registry can lead to more problems, so make sure you're careful during this process:
- Press Win + R to open the Run dialog box and enter regedit to launch the Registry Editor.
- Use the navigation tree on the left side to browse to the following location: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class.
- With the Class key expanded, you'll see many keys below it that are long strings of characters. These GUIDs (Globally Unique Identifiers) all correspond to different types of hardware in the Device Manager.
Now, you'll need to find the correct GUID for the type of device you're looking for.
To do this, head back to the Device Manager and double-click on the device having a problem. Switch to the Details tab on the resulting window and change the Property dropdown box to Class Guid. A Value will appear in the box below, which matches one of the keys in the Registry.
Click the matching string of characters in the Registry's left panel to open its contents in the right panel. From there:
- Look for the UpperFilters and LowerFilters items. You might only see one of them, which is fine. If you don't see either, double-check that you've got the correct GUID. If you're sure you have it right and still don't see them, then this will not work for you.
- Right-click on UpperFilters and/or LowerFilters and choose Delete. Confirm the warning and the file will be erased.
- Restart your computer, then check the device again to see if it's working.
Note that depending on which GUID you erased, some software that used those devices might not work properly until you reinstall it.
8. Test Your Hardware Elsewhere
At this point, it's likely that you have a faulty device. If possible, try connecting it to another computer and seeing if it works at all. If it doesn't work on another system, then you should contact the manufacturer or replace the device.
9. Perform a System Restore or Reset
In case your device worked on another computer, you can try a system restore to see if there's some Windows quirk preventing the hardware from working. This brings your system back to a prior point in time, which is useful if the problem started recently.
Failing this, you can do a full reset of Windows, but that's probably overkill for this problem. Hardware problems, especially at this point, are usually an issue with the device itself. But if your device worked elsewhere and you don't mind trying, doing a Windows 10 reset could potentially resolve the problem.
Fixing Error Code 10 in Windows: Success
Now you know what to do when you see "This device cannot start (Code 10)" in Windows. Hopefully, you didn't have to do much troubleshooting to get your hardware working again. Driver errors are never fun to fix, but it helps knowing where to look.
This isn't the only external device issue you'll come across, though. You might also find that Windows doesn't show your external storage device properly, even if it detects it.
Image credit: Cavan-Images/Shutterstock
